![]() ![]() These units had also been associated with acts of intimidation and violence media entities, corporate management, and opposition groups. This was because of broad local and international consensus that " human rights abuses became rampant" during the dictatorship, with Philippine Constabulary units such as the Metrocom Intelligence and Security Group (MISG), and the 5th Constabulary Security Unit (5CSU), identified with many particular cases. The need to assert civilian control of the military was a reform agenda which began being addressed almost as soon as Ferdinand Marcos was deposed by the 1986 People Power Revolution within a year of Marcos' ouster, the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines enshrined the principle of civilian supremacy over the military. Until January 1991, the Philippines did not have a civilian national police force, and instead had the Philippine Constabulary under the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and city and municipal police organized under the Integrated National Police, which was likewise nationalized and integrated under the command of the military under martial law in 1975. See also: Human rights abuses during the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos and Security sector governance and reform in the Philippines
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